蒜氨酸抗菌机制研究

目的 检测蒜氨酸最低抑菌浓度（MIC）与最低杀菌浓度（MBC），探讨蒜氨酸体内外抗菌机制。方法 体外微量稀释法检测蒜氨酸MIC和MBC，荧光显微镜观察菌体表面蒜氨酸，探讨蒜氨酸抗菌机制。体内蒜氨酸和青霉素分别治疗金葡菌感染家兔脓肿，检测脓汁标本中细菌存活情况，探讨体内蒜氨酸抗菌作用。结果 蒜氨酸对大肠杆菌、伤寒杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色葡萄球菌的MIC分别为3.047 μg·mL^-1、6.094 μg·mL^-1、0.386 μg·mL^-1、0.386 μg·mL^-1，蒜氨酸体外无杀菌活性。浓汁标本：死菌率蒜氨酸治疗组显著高于阴性对照组（P < 0.01），与青霉素治疗组无明显差异（P > 0.05）；活菌率蒜氨酸治疗组显著低于阴性对照组（P < 0.01），与青霉素治疗组无明显差异（P > 0.05）。结论 蒜氨酸与菌体蛋白、细菌酶蛋白结合阻断细菌与环境物质交换，抑制细菌生命活动，具有较强的抑菌作用，无杀菌活性；蒜氨酸体内代谢成大蒜素，具有较强杀菌作用。     

中国-老挝传统药物在传染性疾病治疗中的应用比较和前景分析＊

老挝是中国依山带水的友好邻邦，其传统医药受中医文化影响较深，在药材选用、临床治疗等方面具有相似相通之处，且受益于自身独特的生物多样性，老挝传统医药亦颇具创新之处。在“一带一路”的倡议下，中老在医药领域开展了广泛的合作，极大地促进了两国传统医药的发展。本文总结了传统医药在中老两国常见传染性疾病中的应用和效果评价，并分析了传统医学交流的现状和发展前景。中老传统医药的“交流互鉴”将推动两国传统医药更高水平的发展，为走向世界、融入主流医学奠定基础。     

汉代以来著名医家治疗痰饮用药规律的数据挖掘研究＊

目的 探讨汉代以来著名医家治疗痰饮的方剂用药与组方规律，以期对痰饮临床治疗及中药新药研发提供参考。方法 收集整理汉代以来著名医家的痰饮论述与医案共涉及208首方剂，录入中医传承辅助系统（V2.5），采用改进的互信息法、关联规则、复杂系统熵聚类、无监督的熵层次聚类，进行痰饮数据库单药、对药、角药的统计、关联规则分析、提取核心组合与新方发现，进行数据挖掘研究。结果 最常见单药是半夏（117次，占56.25%）；最常见对药是半夏-茯苓（62次，占29.81%）；最常见角药是半夏-陈皮-茯苓（33次，占15.87%）；关联度最高的药物组合是生姜 + 茯苓→半夏（置信度为0.8636）；得到18组3味药的核心组合，核心药物为：半夏、茯苓、陈皮、生姜、甘草、桂枝等；得到治疗痰饮9个新候选处方。结论 提示今后痰饮治疗及新药研发时，单药、对药、角药优先考虑：半夏、陈皮、茯苓；配伍优先考虑：生姜、茯苓配伍半夏；核心方剂优先考虑：杏仁-麻黄-桑白皮；新候选处方优先考虑：杏仁、麻黄、桑白皮、阿胶、款冬花。     

JAK2/STAT3信号通路介导灯盏花乙素抗人心脏微血管内皮细胞缺氧-复氧损伤

Objective: To investigate the antagonistic cell injury effect and molecular mechanism of scutellarin(SCU)in hypoxia reoxygenation(HR) treated human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells(HCMECs).Methods: The method of 12 h hypoxia following by 12 h reoxygenation was used to culture HCMECs in vitro to built cell injury model. The groups were divided into control group, model(HR) group, and HR + SCU(0.1 μmol/L, 1 μmol/L, and 10 μmol/L) group. The cell viability was determined by MTT, and oxidative stress was detected by malondialdehyde(MDA) levels by biochemical assay kit. Protein expression of JAK2/p-JAK2 and STAT3/p-STAT3 were evaluated by Western blot.Results: The results of MTT and MDA showed that HR decreased the cell viability(P 0.05) and increased MDA level significantly(P 0.05), SCU played a contrary role in these processes. Western blot analysis indicates that, the expression of JAK2 and p-JAK2, STAT3, and p-STAT3 were increased in model group when compared with control group(P 0.05); Compared with model group, their expression were reduced by SCU(P 0.05).Conclusion: SCU took a protective effect on HR-treated HCMECs, and the molecular mechanism may be associated with the inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 signal transduction pathway.     

Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in patients with preexisting ILD: A retrospective study in a single center in Wuhan,China

Since the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia, many patients with underlying disease, such as interstitial lung disease (ILD), were admitted to Tongji hospital in Wuhan, China. To date, no data have ever been reported to reflect the clinical features of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) among these patients with preexisting ILD. We analyzed the incidence and severity of COVID-19 patients with ILD among 3201 COVID-19 inpatients, and compared two independent cohorts of COVID-19 patients with pre-existing ILD (n = 28) and non-ILD COVID-19 patients (n = 130). Among those 3201 COVID-19 inpatients, 28 of whom were COVID-19 with ILD (0.88%). Fever was the predominant symptom both in COVID-19 with ILD (81.54%) and non-ILD COVID-19 patients (72.22%). However, COVID-19 patients with ILD were more likely to have cough, sputum, fatigue, dyspnea, and diarrhea. A very significantly higher number of neutrophils, monocytes, interleukin (IL)-8, IL-10, IL-1β, and D-Dimer was characterized in COVID-19 with ILD as compared to those of non-ILD COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, logistic regression models showed neutrophils counts, proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL6, IL1β, IL2R), and coagulation dysfunction biomarkers (D-Dimer, PT, Fbg) were significantly associated with the poor clinical outcomes of COVID-19. ILD patients could be less vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2. However, ILD patients tend to severity condition after being infected with SARS-CoV-2. The prognosis of COVID-19 patients with per-existing ILD is significantly worse than that of non-ILD patients. And more, aggravated inflammatory responses and coagulation dysfunction appear to be the critical mechanisms in the COVID-19 patients with ILD.     

Relationship between chronic diseases and sleep duration among older adults in Ghana

Quality of Life Research - Aging increases the prevalence of health problems that are often chronic, resulting in more sleep problems for people with poor health or chronic conditions. Relatively...     

16排及8排移动CT多中心临床应用对比分析

目的多中心临床应用对比分析8排及16排移动CT的成像质量及性能特点、检查耗时、人工成本及辐射剂量值等。 方法解放军总医院第七医学中心神经外科自2010年8月至2020年7月应用8排移动CT行头部扫描90 059例次，解放军总医院第七医学中心神经外科联合多家医院自2017年3月至2020年7月应用16排移动CT行头部扫描10 969例次，分别采集患者头部扫描成像、检查时间、人工成本（人员累计耗时），以及辐射剂量值：CT剂量指数（CTDIvol）、剂量长度乘积（DLP）、有效剂量（ED）。另外随机选择同期60例次64排大型CT检测值作为对比。 结果（1）成像分析：8排移动CT头部扫描90 059例次，其中急诊室82 843例次（91.99%）、ICU 7090例次（7.87%）、手术室126例次（0.14%）。16排移动CT头部扫描10 959例次，其中急诊室8601例次（78.41%）、ICU 879例次（8.01%）、手术室31例次（0.28%）、车/船/机载头部扫描1458例次（13.29%）。2组成像质量基本相同，与8排移动CT组相比较，16排移动CT安装有精密导轨控制扫描和减振器，扫描速度快，运动伪影少，具有平扫+增强、脑血管造影（CTA）和脑灌注成像（CTP）等多种成像功能。（2）扫描时间与辐射剂量：16排、8排移动CT及64排大型CT的扫描时间、人工成本、辐射剂量（CTDIvol、DLP、ED）比较，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论16排移动CT成像质量优良，扫描速度快耗时少、人工成本低、辐射剂量低，具有平扫、增强及CTA、CTP多种成像功能。